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Kasner metric : ウィキペディア英語版
Kasner metric

The Kasner metric, developed by and named for the American mathematician Edward Kasner, is an exact solution to Einstein's theory of general relativity. It describes an anisotropic universe without matter (i.e., it is a vacuum solution). It can be written in any spacetime dimension D>3 and has strong connections with the study of gravitational chaos.
== Metric and conditions ==

The metric in D>3 spacetime dimensions is
:\texts^2 = -\textt^2 + \sum_^ t^ ()^2,
and contains D-1 constants p_j, called the ''Kasner exponents.'' The metric describes a spacetime whose equal-time slices are spatially flat, however space is expanding or contracting at different rates in different directions, depending on the values of the p_j. Test particles in this metric whose comoving coordinate differs by \Delta x^j are separated by a physical distance t^\Delta x^j.
The Kasner metric is an exact solution to Einstein's equations in vacuum when the Kasner exponents satisfy the following ''Kasner conditions,''
:\sum_^ p_j = 1,
:\sum_^ p_j^2 = 1.
The first condition defines a plane, the ''Kasner plane,'' and the second describes a sphere, the ''Kasner sphere.'' The solutions (choices of p_j) satisfying the two conditions therefore lie on the sphere where the two intersect (sometimes confusingly also called the Kasner sphere). In D spacetime dimensions, the space of solutions therefore lie on a D-3 dimensional sphere S^.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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